In conformity with treaties between the United States and the Soviet Union. Salvo tests in which several devices are fired simultaneously, as defined by international treaties:.Since 1963 the great majority have been underground due to the Partial Test Ban Treaty. single nuclear devices fired in deep horizontal tunnels (drifts) or in vertical shafts, in shallow shafts ("cratering"), underwater, on barges or vessels on the water, on land, in towers, carried by balloons, shot from cannons, dropped from airplanes with or without parachutes, and shot into a ballistic trajectory, into high atmosphere or into near space on rockets.The following are considered nuclear tests: Israel is the only country suspected of having nuclear weapons but not known to have ever tested any. Very few unknown tests are suspected at this time, the Vela incident being the most prominent. As of 1993, worldwide, 520 atmospheric nuclear explosions (including 8 underwater) have been conducted with a total yield of 545 megaton (Mt): 217 Mt from pure fission and 328 Mt from bombs using fusion, while the estimated number of underground nuclear tests conducted in the period from 1957 to 1992 is 1,352 explosions with a total yield of 90 Mt. There have been 2,121 tests done since the first in July 1945, involving 2,476 nuclear devices. This has been done on test sites on land or waters owned, controlled or leased from the owners by one of the eight nuclear nations: the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, France, China, India, Pakistan and North Korea, or has been done on or over ocean sites far from territorial waters.
Nuclear weapons testing is the act of experimentally and deliberately firing one or more nuclear devices in a controlled manner pursuant to a military, scientific or technological goal.
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